Arthroscopy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in equine practice. This minimally invasive technique allows surgeons to visualize, diagnose, and treat conditions within joints using a small camera and specialized instruments.
What Does Arthroscopy Treat?
Common indications for equine arthroscopy include:
- OCD lesions (osteochondritis dissecans) — developmental cartilage and bone abnormalities
- Chip fractures — small bone fragments within joints
- Cartilage damage — evaluation and debridement of damaged joint surfaces
- Meniscal injuries — particularly in the stifle
- Synovitis and joint infection — lavage and debridement
The Procedure
Arthroscopy is typically performed under general anesthesia, though certain procedures can be done standing in selected patients. Small incisions (portals) are made to introduce the arthroscope and surgical instruments.
The surgeon can visualize the entire joint surface on a monitor, identify pathology, and address it with precision. The minimally invasive nature of arthroscopy means less tissue trauma, reduced pain, and faster recovery compared to open joint surgery.
Recovery
Most horses are stall-rested for 2-4 weeks following arthroscopy, with hand-walking introduced gradually. Return to training typically begins at 2-3 months, depending on the procedure performed and findings during surgery.
Follow-up radiographs or ultrasound may be performed to monitor healing. Serial evaluations allow the surgeon to advance the rehabilitation protocol based on objective evidence of recovery.
Outcomes
Prognosis following arthroscopy is generally favorable, particularly for chip fractures and OCD lesions. The specific condition treated, the degree of existing joint damage, and the horse’s intended use all influence the expected outcome. Your surgeon will discuss prognosis specific to your horse’s situation.