Knowing when to call the veterinarian can make the difference between a good outcome and a serious complication. While not every situation is an emergency, some require immediate professional attention.
Call Immediately
Colic
Signs include pawing, rolling, looking at the flank, not eating, and restlessness. Colic ranges from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Don’t wait to see if it gets better — early intervention improves outcomes.
Severe Lameness
A horse that is non-weight-bearing on a limb may have a fracture, severe soft tissue injury, or foot abscess. Do not force the horse to move. Keep them calm and call immediately.
Lacerations and Wounds
Deep wounds, wounds near joints or tendon sheaths, and wounds with significant bleeding require veterinary attention. Joint and tendon sheath injuries in particular can become limb-threatening if not treated promptly.
Eye Injuries
Any swelling, discharge, squinting, or cloudiness of the eye should be evaluated urgently. Eye conditions can deteriorate rapidly.
Difficulty Breathing
Labored breathing, nostril flaring at rest, or abnormal respiratory sounds warrant immediate evaluation.
Foaling Complications
If active labor exceeds 30 minutes without progress, call immediately. Dystocia is a time-critical emergency.
Choke
A horse that has feed material draining from the nostrils or is making repeated swallowing attempts may have an esophageal obstruction. Keep the horse’s head down and call your vet.
While You Wait
- Keep the horse calm and confined
- Remove feed (unless directed otherwise)
- Note vital signs if you can safely do so: heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature
- Take photos or video of the concern
- Have the horse accessible for the veterinarian’s arrival
Prevention
Establish a relationship with your veterinarian before an emergency occurs. Know their emergency contact protocol and have it posted in your barn. Seconds matter in true emergencies, and having a plan saves time when it counts most.